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Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023) : fom basic to advanced approaches
(Elsevier, 2024-02) Welsh, Joshua A.; Goberdhan, Deborah C.I.; O’Driscoll, Lorraine; Buzas, Edit I.; Blenkiron, Cherie; Bussolati, Benedetta; Cai, Houjian; Di Vizio, Dolores; Driedonks, Tom A.P.; Erdbrügger, Uta; Falcon-Perez, Juan M.; Fu, Qing-Ling; Hill, Andrew F.; Lenassi, Metka; Lim, Sai Kiang; Mahoney, My G.; Mohanty, Sujata; Möller, Andreas; Nieuwland, Rienk; Ochiya, Takahiro; Sahoo, Susmita; Torrecilhas, Ana C.; Zheng, Lei; Zijlstra, Andries; Abuelreich, Sarah; Bagabas, Reem; Bergese, Paolo; Bridges, Esther M.; Brucale, Marco; Burger, Dylan; Carney, Randy P.; Cocucci, Emanuele; Colombo, Federico; Crescitelli, Rossella; Hanser, Edveena; Harris, Adrian L.; Haughey, Norman J.; Hendrix, An; Ivanov, Alexander R.; Jovanovic-Talisman, Tijana; Kruh-Garcia, Nicole A.; Faustino, Vroniqa Ku’ulei-Lyn; Kyburz, Diego; Lässer, Cecilia; Lennon, Kathleen M.; Lötvall, Jan; Maddox, Adam L.; Martens-Uzunova, Elena S.; Mizenko, Rachel R.; Newman, Lauren A.; Ridolfi, Andrea; Rohde, Eva; Rojalin, Tatu; Rowland, Andrew; Saftics, Andras; Sandau, Ursula S.; Saugstad, Julie A.; Shekari, Faezeh; Swift, Simon; Ter-Ovanesyan, Dmitry; Tosar, Juan P.; Useckaite, Zivile; Valle, Francesco; Varga, Zoltan; Van der Pol, Edwin; Van Herwijnen, Martijn J.C.; Wehman, Ann M.; Williams, Sarah; Zendrini, Andrea; Zimmerman, Alan J.; MISEV Consortium Clotilde Théry; Witwer, Kenneth W.; Abuelreich, Sarah; Ahmad, Samar; Ahmed, Dina Ak.; Ahmed, Sarah H.; Aikawa, Elena; Akbar, Naveed; Akiyoshi, Kazunari; Al-Adra, David P.; Al-Masawa, Maimonah E; Albanese, Manuel; Alberro, Ainhoa; Alcaraz, María José; Alexander-Brett, Jen; Alexander, Kimberley L.; Ali, Nilufar; Alibhai, Faisal J.; Allelein, Susann; Allenby, Mark C.; Almeida, Fausto; Almousa, Sameh W.; Altan-Bonnet, Nihal; Altei, Wanessa F.; Alvarez-Llamas, Gloria; Alvarez, Cora L.; An, Hyo Jung; Anand, Krishnan; Anderson, Johnathon D.; Andriantsitohaina, Ramaroson; Ansari, Khairul I.; Anselmo, Achille; Antoniou, Anna; Aqil, Farrukh; Arab, Tanina; Archer, Fabienne; Arif, Syrine; Armstrong, David A.; Arntz, Onno J.; Arsène, Pierre; Arteaga-Blanco, Luis; Asokan, Nandini; Aspelin, Trude; Atkin-Smith, Georgia K.; Aubert, Dimitri; Ayyar, Kanchana K.; Azlan, Maryam; Azoidis, Ioannis; Bécot, Anaïs; Bach, Jean-Marie; Bachurski, Daniel; Bae, Seoyoon; Bagabas, Reem; Baj-Krzyworzeka, Monika; Balaj, Leonora; Van Balkom, Bas Wm .; ABallal, bhijna R.; Bano, Afsareen; Banzet, Sébastien; Bare, Yonis; Barile, Lucio; Barman, Bahnisikha; Barranco, Isabel; Barreca, Valeria; Bart, Geneviève; Barteneva, Natasha S.; Basso, Manuela; Batish, Mona; Bauer, Natalie R.; Baxter, Amy A.; Bazié, Wilfried W.; Bazzan, Erica; Beaumont, Joel Ej.; Bebawy, Mary; Bebelman, Maarten P.; Bedina-Zavec, Apolonija; Beetler, Danielle J.; Beke-Somfai, Tamás; Belleannée, Clémence; Benedikter, Birke J.; Benediktsdóttir, Berglind E.; Berardi, Anna C.; Bergamelli, Mathilde; Bergese, Paolo; Bertolini, Irene; Bhattacharyya, Asima; Bhattacharyya, Suvendra N.; Biller, Steven J.; Billottet, Clotilde; Bissler, John J.; Blanc-Brude, Olivier; Blenkiron, Cherie; Blijdorp, Charles J.; Bobis-Wozowicz, Sylwia; Bodart-Santos, Victor; Bodnár, Bernadett R.; Boilard, Eric; Boireau, Wilfrid; Bokun, Vladimir; Bollard, Stephanie M.; Bollini, Sveva; Bongiovanni, Antonella; Bongiovanni, Laura; Bonifay, Amandine; Boppart, Marni D.; Borràs, Francesc E.; Bosch, Steffi; Boselli, Daniela; Bottini, Massimo; Bouffard, Jeff; Boulanger, Chantal M.; Boutros, Paul C.; Boyadjian, Oscar; Boysen, Anders T.; Bozkurt, Batuhan T.; Bramich, Kyle P.; Braun, Fabian; Bravo-Miana, Rocío Del Carmen; Breakefield, Xandra O.; Brenna, Santra; Brennan, Kieran; Brennan, Meadhbh Á.; Breyne, Koen; Bridges, Esther M.; Brigstock, David R.; Brisson, Alain R.; Brodie, Chaya; Brucale, Marco; Bruno, Katelyn A.; Bucci, Cecilia; Buch, Shilpa; Buck, Amy H.; Bukva, Mátyás; Bulte, Jeff Wm.; Buratta, Sandra; Burger, Dylan; Burgy, Olivier; Burnier, Julia V.; Burrows, Kaiping; Busatto, Sara; Bussolati, Benedetta; Buzas, Edit I.; Buzas, Krisztina; Byrd, J. Brian; Cáceres-Verschae, Albano; Cai, Houjian; Caires, Hugo R.; Campos-Silva, Carmen; Camussi, Giovanni; de Candia, Paola; Carceller, Carmen; Fernandez-Becerra, Carmen; Carney, Randy P.; Carrasco, Alexis G. Murillo; Carter, David Rf.; Cavallaro, Sara; Cavallero, Serena; Cavallero, Sophie; Cerda-Troncoso, Cristóbal; Chahwan, Richard; Chalupská, Renata; Chamley, Lawrence W.; Chandra, Partha K.; Chang, Wen-Wei; Charest, A.l.; Chen, Chihchen; Chen, Hao; Chen, Qiang; Chen, Shuai; Chen; Chen, Yunxi; Cheng, Lesley; Chernyshev, Vasiliy S.; Chetty, Venkatesh Kumar; Chitti, Sai V.; Cho, Ssang-Goo; Cho, Yoon-Kyoung; Choi, Byeong Hyeon; Chutipongtanate, Somchai; Cicardi, Maria Elena; Cifuentes-Rius, Anna; Ciullo, Alessandra; Clayton, Aled; Cleary, Jacob A.; Cocozza, Federico; Cocucci, Emanuele; Coffey, Robert J.; Collino, Federica; Colombo, Federico; Colosetti, Pascal; Compañ-Bertomeu, Alvaro; Constanzo, Julie; Corbeil, Denis; Cordeiro-da-Silva, Anabela; Costa, Júlia; Couch, Yvonne; Courageux, Yvan; Coutant, Kelly; Coyle, Beth; Crescitelli, Rossella; Cretich, Marina; Cronemberger-Andrade, André; Crossland, Rachel E.; Cucher, Marcela A.; Czystowska-Kuzmicz, Malgorzata; D'Acunzo, Pasquale; D'Agnano, Igea; D'Agostino, Vito G.; D'Angelo, Gisela; D'Arrigo, Daniele; D'Souza-Schorey, Crislyn; Dagur, Raghubendra S.; Danielson, Kirsty M.; Das, Saumya; Dauphin, Thibaud; Davidson, Sean M.; Davies, Owen G.; Davis, Chelsea N.; Deep, Gagan; Degosserie, Jonathan; Van Delen, Mats; Deliwala, Vatsal; Dellar, Elizabeth R.; Van Deun, Jan; Dev, Apurba; Deville, Sarah; Devitt, Andrew; Dhondt, Bert; Dieterich, Lothar C.; Dittmer, Dirk P.; Dobosh, Brian; Dobra, Gabriella; Dogra, Navneet; Dohi, Eisuke; Dolo, Vincenza; Domashevich, Timothy V.; Dominici, Massimo; Dong, Liang; Doré, Etienne; Dragovic, Rebecca A.; Driedonks, Tom Ap.; Drittanti, Lila; Droste, Marvin; Duan, Wei; Durmaz, Esmahan; Dutta, Suman; Eguchi, Takanori; Eichenberger, Ramon M.; Eitan, Erez; Ekström, Karin; El Andaloussi, Samir; Eldh, Maria; Elie-Caille, Celine; Enciso-Martinez, Agustin; Erdbrügger, Uta; Esmaeili, Rezvan; Ettelaie, Camille; Försönits, András I.; Fabbri, Muller; Falasca, Marco; Falcon-Perez, Juan M.; Fan, Hongkuan; Fatima, Farah; Faustino, Vroniqa Ku'ulei-Lyn; Fazeli, Alireza; Fernández-Rhodes, María; Fernandez-Prada, Christopher; Ferraro, Mariola J.; Ferreira, Joao N.; Ferreira, Rafaela F.; Figueroa-Hall, Leandra K.; Figueroa-Valdés, Aliosha I.; Fioretti, Paolo V.; Flenady, Sabine; Flores-Bellver, Miguel; Fok, Ellis K.; Fonseka, Pamali; Ford, Verity J.; Fornaguera, Cristina; Forte, Dorian; Forte, Stefano; Fortunato, Orazio; Franklin, Jeffrey L; Freitas, Daniela; Frelet-Barrand, Annie; Fu, Qing-Ling; Fujita, Yu; Gärtner, Kathrin; Görgens, André; Gabriel, Áurea M.; Gabrielli, Martina; Gabrielsson, Susanne; Galinsoga, Alicia; Galisova, Andrea; Gamage, Teena Kjb; Gao, Yingtang; Garcia-Contreras, Marta; Garcia Garcia, M. Madhy; Garcia, Maria Noé; Gargiulo, Ernesto; Mc Gee, Margaret M.; Genard, Géraldine C.; Geraci, Fabiana; Ghanam, Jamal; Ghatak, Subhadip; Ghavami, Mahlegha; Ghebosu, Raluca E.; Gho, Yong Song; Ghosal, Sayam; Giamas, Georgios; Giebel, Bernd; Gilbert, Caroline; Gimona, Mario; Girão, Henrique; Giusti, Ilaria; Gizzie, Evan A.; Glamočlija, Sofija; Glass, Sarah E.; Gobbo, Jessica; Goberdhan, Deborah Ci; Godbole, Nihar; Goetz, Jacky G.; Gomez-Florit, Manuel; Goncalves, Jenifer Pendiuk; González-King Garibotti, Hernán; Gorgun, Cansu; Gori, Alessandro; Gorska, Sabina; Graner, Michael W.; Grau, Georges E.; Grech, Laura; Greening, David W.; Groß, Rüdiger M.; Gross, Julia C.; Gruber, Jens; Gualerzi, Alice; Guanzon, Dominic; Gudbergsson, Johann M.; Guerin, Coralie L.; Guerra, Flora; Guillén, Maria I.; Gujar, Vikramsingh; Guo, Wei; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Gustafson, Dakota; Gyukity-Sebestyén, Edina; Hölker, Patrick; Hade, Mangesh D.; Hagey, Daniel W.; Han, Chungmin; Han, Pingping; Hanayama, Rikinari; Handberg, Aase; Hanser, Edveena; Harada, Masako; Harmati, Maria; Harris, Adrian L.; Harrison, Paul; Harrison, Rane A.; Haughey, Norman J.; Haynes, Paul A; He, Mei; Hegyesi, Hargita; Hendrix, An; Van Herwijnen, Martijn J.; Hill, Andrew F.; Hisey, Colin L.; Hochberg, Fred H.; Hoen, Esther Nm Nolte-'t; Holcar, Marija; Holder, Beth; Holnthoner, Wolfgang; Holthofer, Harry; Hooper, D. Craig; Hosseini-Behesht, Elham; Hosseinkhani, Baharak; Howard, Jane; Howe, Kathryn L.; Hoyle, Nicholas R.; Hrdy, Jiri; Hu, Guoku; Huang, Yiyao; Huber, Veronica; Hudoklin, Samo; Hufnagel, Antonia; Hulett, Mark D.; Hunt, Stuart; Hyenne, Vincent; Ianni, Emilio Di; Iannotta, Dalila; Ibrahim, Ahmed Ge; Ibrahim, Sherif A.; Ikezu, Seiko; Ikezu, Tsuneya; Im, Hyungsoon; Inal, Jameel M; Inic-Kanada, Aleksandra; Inngjerdingen, Marit; Inoshima, Yasuo; Ivanov, Alexander R.; Ivanova, Alena; Izquierdo, Elena; Jørgensen, Malene Møller; Jackson, Hannah K.; Jacobsen, Soren; Jadue, Fernanda; Javeed, Naureen; Jay, Steven M.; Jayachandran, Muthuvel; Jayasinghe, Migara K.; Jenster, Guido; Jeppesen, Dennis K.; Jerónimo, Carmen; Jiang, Linglei; Jin, Jing; Jingushi, Kentaro; Jo, Dong-Gyu; Joerger-Messerli, Marianne S.; Jones, Jennifer C.; de Jong, Olivier G.; Jovanovic-Talisman, Tijana; Ferrante Jr, Anthony W.; Coleman Jr, Leon G.; Juncker, David; Jung, Stephanie; Jurek, Benjamin; Jurga, Marcin; Justilien, Verline; Kabani, Mehdi; Kalluri, Raghu; Kamali-Moghaddam, Masood; Kanada, Masamitsu; Kang, Taeyoung; Kano, Shin-Ichi; Kaparakis-Liaskos, Maria; Karnas, Elżbieta; Karoichan, Antoine; Kashanchi, Fatah; Kashani, Sara Assar; Kashyap, Namita N.; Katsur, Miroslava; Kau-Strebinger, Silvio; Kauffman, Amy C.; Kaur, Sukhbir; Kehoe, Oksana; Kelwick, Richard Jr; Kenari, Amirmohammad Nasiri; Kestecher, Brachyahu M.; Keulers, Tom G.; Van Keuren-Jensen, Kendall R.; Khalajx, Kasra; Khamari, Delaram; Khanabdali, Ramin; Khomyakova, Elena; Khoo, Amanda; Kim, Daniel H.; Kim, Dongin; Kim, Han Sang; Kim, In-San; Kim, Soo; Kim, Yohan; Kima, Peter E.; Kislinger, Thomas; Klingeborn, Mikael; Komuro, Hiroaki; Koncz, Anna; Konstantinou, Timothea; Van der Koog, Luke; Kooijmans, Sander Aa; Kornek, Miroslaw T.; Kosanović, Maja; Kostallari, Enis; Koukoulis, Tiana F.; Kourembanas, Stella; Krämer-Albers, Eva-Maria; Kralj-Iglic, Veronika; Krasemann, Susanne; Krasnodembskaya, Anna D.; Krawczynska, Natalia J.; Kreft, Mateja E.; Kruh-Garcia, Nicole A.; Kuehn, Meta J.; Kuipers, Marije E.; Kulaj, Konxhe; Kuligowski, Julia; Kumagai, Yumi; Kumar, Ashish; Kumar, Saroj; Kumar, Sharad; Kumari, Meena; Kundrotas, Gabrielis; Kurochkin, Igor V.; Kuroda, Masahiko; Kurzawa-Akanbi, Marzena; Kweskin, Sasha J.; Kyburz, Diego; Lázaro-Ibáñez, Elisa; Lässer, Cecilia; Lötvall, Jan; Lőrincz, Ákos M.; Lai, Andrew; Lai, Charles P.; Laitinen, Saara; Landreville, Solange; Lange, Sigrun; Langevin, Scott M.; Langlois, Marc-André; Languino, Lucia R.; Lannigan, Joanne; Lark, Daniel S.; Larregina, Adriana T.; Laurent, Louise C.; Laurin, David; Lavieu, Gregory; Lawson, Charlotte; Lay, Soazig Le; Leandrox, Kevin; Ledreux, Aurélie; Lee, Changjin; Lee, Dong-Sup; Lee, Hakho; Lee, Heon-Jin; Lee, Sun Young; Lee, Tae Ryong; Lee, Wai-Leng; Lefterov, Iliya; Lei, Xinhua; Leivo, Janne; Lemaire, Quentin; Leme, Adriana F Paes; Lemon, Stanley M.; Lenassi, Metka; Lennon, Kathleen M.; Lenzini, Stephen; Leor, Jonathan; Levy, Efrat; Li, Guoping; Li, Jiao Jiao; Li, Qiubai; Li, Xinlei; Liang, Xiuming; Lim, Rebecca; Lim, Sai Kiang; Limongi, Tania; Linē, Aija; Lins, Paula Pincela; Lippens, Lien; Liu, Guanshu; Llorente, Alicia; Longjohn, Modeline N.; de Loo, Fons Aj van; Lorenowicz, Magdalena J.; Lorico, Aurelio; Loudig, Olivier; Loyer, Xavier; Lozano-Andrés, Estefanía; Lu, Biao; Lu, Quan; Lubart, Quentin; Lucien, Fabrice; Lunavat, Taral R.; Lundberg, Ludwig Ermann; Lundy, David J.; Luoto, Jens C.; Lyden, David C.; Möller, Andreas; Müller, Janis A.; MacPhee, Daniel J.; Maddox, Adam L.; Madec, Elise; Magaña, Setty M.; Mahairaki, Vasiliki; Mahoney, Mỹ G.; Malhi, Harmeet; Malnou, Cécile E.; Mamand, Doste R.; Man, Kenny; Manno, Mauro; Mantel, Pierre-Yves; Marangon, Tecla; Marbán, Eduardo; Marcilla, Antonio; Maremanda, Krishna P.; Margolis, Leonid; Mariñas-Pardo, Luis; Marić, Ivica; Martín, Silvia Sánchez; Martínez-Martínez, Eduardo; Martel, Catherine; Martens-Uzunova, Elena S; Martin-Duque, Pilar; Martin-Jaular, Lorena; Martinez-Murillo, Paola A.; Martinez-Pacheco, Sarai; Martins-Marques, Tania; Mary, Benjamin; Marzan, Akbar L.; Matamoros-Angles, Andreu; Mathivanan, Suresh; Matsuzaki, Juntaro; Mayan, Maria D.; Mazzeo, Carla; Mbengue, Mariama; McCann, Mark J.; McIlvenna, Luke C.; McVey, Mark J.; Meisner-Kober, Nicole; Mellergaard, Maiken; Melli, Giorgia; Menck, Kerstin; Menjivar, Nico G.; Menon, Ramkumar; Mentkowski, Kyle I.; Miklavcic, John J.; Miklosi, Andras G.; Milutinovic, Bojana; Minciacchi, Valentina R.; Mirzaei, Mehdi; Mishra, Shalini; Mitchell, Megan I.; Mizenko, Rachel R.; Mladenović, Danilo; Mohamadi, Eqbal; Mohanty, Sujata; Momen-Heravi, Fatemeh; Mondal, Sujan K.; Monguió-Tortajada, Marta; Moon, Jisook; Morandi, Mattia I.; Moreau, Violaine; Morelli, Adrian E.; Mori, Marcelo A.; Morimoto, Masahiro; Mosser, Mathilde; Motaung, Thabiso Eric; Moussay, Etienne; Mugoni, Vera; Mullier, Francois; Muraca, Maurizio; Mullier, Francois
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EVnomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its ‘Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles’, which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly.
Reliability, validity and dimensionality of the 12-Item General Health Questionnaire among South African healthcare workers
(AOSIS, 2024-10) Kufe, Nyuyki Clement; Bernstein, Colleen; Wilson, Kerry Sidwell
Healthcare workers (HCWs) were among the high-risk groups for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and suffer a high burden of challenges with mental health including depression, anxiety, traumatic stress, avoidance and burnout. The 12-Item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) has shown the best fit in both a one-factor structure and a multidimensional structure for the screening of common mental disorders and psychiatric well-being. The aim was to test for reliability and validity and ascertain the factor structure of the GHQ-12 in a South African HCW population. Data were collected from 832 public hospital and clinic staff during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Gauteng, South Africa. The factor structure of the GHQ-12 in this professional population was examined by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to identify factors, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for construct validity and structural equation modelling (SEM) to establish model fit. The GHQ-12 median score was higher (n = 25) in women than in men (n = 24), p = 0.044. The assumptions for inferential statistics were tested: the determinant for the correlation matrix was 0.034, Bartlett’s test of sphericity was p < 0.001, Chi-square 2262.171 and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) of sampling adequacy was 0.877. The four factors identified were labelled as social dysfunction (37.8%), anxiety depression (35.4%), capable (24.9%) and self-efficacy (22.7%). The sample had a Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s Omega coefficient of 0.85.
CONTRIBUTION : The study highlighted the gaps in the use of GHQ-12. The findings affirm the validity and reliability of the GHQ-12 in this group of professionals and the multidimensional structure for screening for psychological distress.
Fourth Industrial Revolution and gender-responsive budgeting in South Africa : policy challenges and alternatives
(AOSIS Publishing, 2024) Ojo, Tinuade Adekunbi
Gender-responsive budgeting (GRB) is becoming a necessary instrument that the government needs to employ to engender gender equality across all spheres of society. Pledging to erase the gender gap is not enough, as implementing active instruments to correct gender inequalities is the right step. This need is why several countries embrace active instruments in their fight against gender inequality, such as gender mainstreaming as a targeted measure to achieve this. Weaponising gender mainstreaming enables the government and relevant stakeholders in society to direct specific instruments towards addressing the gender imbalance across all spheres and to dedicate resources to ensuring the success of such policy. Gender budgeting, which falls under the gender mainstreaming strategy, allows for the equitable allocation of resources based on gender. It is one of the numerous instruments often used to actualise gender mainstreaming, primarily within the government’s fiscal policy. It deals with allocating resources to address the gender imbalance within society.
The struggles of imanyano yamadodana as a movement for evangelism : a case study of the Uniting Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa
(AOSIS, 2025-09) Buqa, Wonke
Imanyano yamadodana [fellowship of men {FOM}] was both an evangelistic movement and a sodality within the Uniting Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa (UPCSA), established to evangelise and reach out to black people within their cultural context. This study aims to examine struggles that emerged within the FOM following the 1999 union between the black Reformed Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa and the predominantly white-dominated Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa. Drawing on primary sources from the UPCSA, a literature review, and academic articles, the study investigates these struggles as premised on former denominational lines. It argues that the incessant struggles within the FOM stem from the instability of the UPCSA union, a condition of spiritual acedia, and a crisis of black consciousness. Ultimately, the argument raised a challenge about the traditional values of the evangelistic movement and highlights the need to equip the contemporary generation of amadodana [men].
CONTRIBUTION : This study contributes to the mission of the UPCSA by calling imanyano yamadodana to re-centre African ecclesial identity and to reconstruct the evangelistic movement. It advocates for revitalising the black church’s mission through black consciousness and spiritual revival [imvuselelo].
Proverbs 28:20-22 and avarice among youths in the Enugu metropolis, Nigeria
(AOSIS, 2025-07) Ugwuewo, Chisom S.; Nweze, Stanley N.
The strong desire to amass wealth and make money in every possible way is not a recent phenomenon; however, it is particularly intensified in contemporary times, especially among young people in the Enugu metropolis. Recent studies indicate that the average young person in Nigeria in general, and in the Enugu metropolis specifically, will seize any opportunity to acquire money, regardless of whether the means are licit or illicit, humane or inhumane. This study aims to address this social ill in the Enugu State by analysing Proverbs 28:20–22 for its relevance to the youth in the Enugu. The sapiential corpus in Proverbs 28:20–22 warns against such exorbitant desire, highlighting the eventual consequences of avarice. The text asserts that those guilty of avarice cannot expect lasting prosperity; rather, misery is inevitable. This study employs a rhetorical analytical method. Data were collected and analysed qualitatively. It is evident that the avarice of young people in Nigeria and in the Enugu metropolis has contributed to kidnapping, cybercrime (including yahoo and yahoo plus fraud), commercial male and female prostitution, moral laxity, human ritual sacrifice, rape, wasteful expenditure, sudden death, and related vices. These issues have rendered society vulnerable to crisis, thereby creating an urgent need for intervention. Despite numerous studies on crime in society, few have focused on theft and related crimes among youth in the Enugu metropolis. Moreover, none of the existing literature addresses cybercrime among young people in Igboland in general, and the Enugu metropolis specifically, from the perspective of Proverbs 28:20–22. The researchers posit that proper knowledge and application of this passage could provide a viable solution to the consequences of avarice in the Enugu metropolis.
CONTRIBUTION : Proverbs 28:20–22 is one of the Old Testament texts particularly relevant to addressing the problem of avarice in any given human context. A thorough exposition of the passage and its appropriate application could curb the inordinate desire to acquire wealth, thereby reducing its negative impact on individuals and society, especially in the Enugu metropolis. It could also revitalise interest in skill acquisition among the youth.