The influence of gold nanoparticles addition on sugarcane leaves-derived silica xerogel catalyst for the production of biodiesel

Abstract

Biodiesel was produced via transesterification of canola oil in the presence of a silica xerogel catalyst with deposited gold nanoparticles. The silica-gold catalyst was produced in situ, where gold metal was added to a sodium silicate solution; subsequently, gold nanoparticles were synthesised within the solution. The sodium silicate-gold nanoparticles solution was then turned into a silica-gold gel at pH 8.7 and later dried to form silica-gold nanoparticles xerogel. The produced silica-gold nanoparticles xerogel was characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), transition electron microscopy (TEM), and nitrogen physisorption. The gel had a silica content of 91.6 wt% and a sodium content of 6.4 wt%, with the added gold content being 99.5% retained. The biodiesel produced in the presence of silica-gold nanoparticles xerogel was characterised by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and its physical properties, such as density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, pour point, and cloud point, were also determined. The silica-gold nanoparticles xerogel catalyst remained solid throughout its usage without leaching into the reaction medium. The produced biodiesel contained mostly monounsaturated fatty acid methyl esters and had a yield of 99.2% at optimum reaction conditions.